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问题:DMF的纯化
类型:求助 (悬赏分:3分)
提问:huhucarol
等级:
版块:有机化学问题(jimuwei,fpcwin1211,netpanda,yjgzfl,Ftian,)
信誉:57%
回复:11
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时间:2006-01-12 22:13:23  编辑    加入/取消收藏    订制/取消短消息    举报该贴    

求助:N,N‘-二甲基甲酰胺纯化的方法,我用无水硫酸镁去水,然后减压蒸馏,但蒸到80度都蒸不出来。是不是还应升高温度?不会分解吧?谢谢!
回复人:flychem, () 时间:2006-01-12 22:25:54   编辑 1楼
要么升温,要么继续降低压强。
分解是不可能的,否则就不存在常压下的沸点了。
发给你一篇溶剂纯化的资料,请查收。(在你的注册邮箱)

[该帖子已被flychem在2006-1-12 22:27:40编辑过]


回复人:Ftian,★★ (资料请发到我的邮箱里,这里封纳米盘。) 时间:2006-01-12 22:27:21   编辑 2楼
用硫酸钙,硫酸镁,氧化钡,硅胶或分子筛干燥,然后减压蒸馏,收集76度/4.79千帕的馏分。如含水较多,可加入1/10体积的苯,在常压及80度下蒸去苯和水的共沸物,然后用硫酸镁或氧化钡干燥,再减压蒸馏。


回复人:Ftian,★★ (资料请发到我的邮箱里,这里封纳米盘。) 时间:2006-01-12 22:37:40   编辑 3楼
1 你的泵真空度够么?
2 密封情况呢?
3 温度计的读数校正过么?(实验室的温度计差几度常有的事)。还有你的温度计插的位置(因为有的磨口温度计不能插到蒸馏头的水平线上,读数偏低)。
4 要在蒸馏头那包石棉保温啊。
最好别提高温度太多了,会分解。正常情况下,很容易蒸馏出来的。


回复人:Ftian,★★ (资料请发到我的邮箱里,这里封纳米盘。) 时间:2006-01-12 22:40:01   编辑 4楼
flychem:DMF常压蒸馏,部分分解.
在沸点分解的东西多得很哦。


回复人:quan,▲▲ (学化学,要从娃娃抓起...) 时间:2006-01-12 22:59:19   编辑 5楼
老大,都要油泵减压蒸馏的


回复人:zhipengliu, () 时间:2006-01-12 23:08:42   编辑 6楼
DMF一般是用CaH2(少量)回流后减压蒸馏纯化的,可以用水泵(加冰)。放心做吧兄弟。


回复人:tangyyer,★★★★★ (有空来逛逛my blog: http://tangyyer.blog.hexun.com) 时间:2006-01-12 23:23:21   编辑 7楼
N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) [68-12-2] MW 73.1, b 40°/10mm, 61°/30mm, 88°/100mm,
153°/760mm, d 0.948, n25 1.4269, pK -0.3. Decomposes slightly at its normal boiling point to give
small amounts of dimethylamine and carbon monoxide. The decomposition is catalysed by acidic or basic
materials, so that even at room temperature DMF is appreciably decomposed if allowed to stand for several
hours with solid KOH, NaOH or CaH2. If these reagents are used as dehydrating agents, therefore, they should
not be refluxed with the DMF. Use of CaSO4, MgSO4, silica gel or Linde type 4A molecular sieves is
preferable, followed by distn under reduced pressure. This procedure is adequate for most laboratory purposes.
Larger amounts of water can be removed by azeotropic distn with *benzene (10% v/v, previously dried over
CaH2>, at atmospheric pressure: water and *benzene distil below 80°. The liquid remaining in the distn flask is
further dried by adding MgSO4 (previously ignited overnight at 300-400°) to give 25g/L. After shaking for one
day, a further quantity of MgSO4 is added, and the DMF distd at 15-20mm pressure through a 3-ft vacuumjacketed
column packed with steel helices. However, MgSO4 is an inefficient drying agent, leaving about
0.01M water in the final DMF. More efficient drying (to around 0.001-0.007M water) is achieved by standing
with powdered BaO, followed by decanting before distn, with alumina powder (50g/L; previously heated
overnight to 500-600°), and distilling from more of the alumina; or by refluxing at 120-140° for 24h with
triphenylchlorosilane (5-10g/L), then distilling at ca 5mm pressure [Thomas and Rochow J Am Chem Soc 79
1843 /957]. Free amine in DMF can be detected by colour reaction with l-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. It has
also been purified by drying overnight over KOH pellets and then distd from BaO through a 10 cm Vigreux
column [Exp Cell Res 100 213 7976]. [For efficiency of desiccants in drying dimethylformamide see Burfield
and Smithers [/ Org Chem 43 3966 1978, and for a review on purification, tests of purity and physical
properties, see Juillard Pure Appl Chem 49 885 7977].

It has been purified by distilling from K2CO3 under high vac and fractionated in an all-glass apparatus. The
middle fraction is collected, degassed (seven or eight freeze-thaw cycles) and redistd under as high a vacuum as
possible [Mohammad and Kosower / Am Chem Soc 93 2713 1971].
Rapid purification: Stir over CaH2 (5% w/v) overnight, filter, then distil at 20mmHg. Store the distd
DMF over 3A or 4A molecular sieves. For solid phase synthesis, the DMF used must be of high quality and
free from amines.





回复人:nafrbww,▲▲▲ (大梦初醒,我自知! 行走江湖,最重要的就是:安全第一!) 时间:2006-01-13 10:09:18   编辑 8楼
我昨天刚蒸了,用的是分子筛干燥过的,减压蒸的,油泵,55度,
夏天蒸的时候38度就出来了,当然用的不是一个泵,
其实即使用同一个泵也有可能不同,因为你每回装的气密性不同,真空度就不同,所以争取把气密性做好吧,在蒸馏头上包上棉花吧,室温太低了!
另外,温度太高有可能分解,否则也不会用减压蒸了!


回复人:huhucarol, (DOTA的合成,请大家多多指教,谢谢) 时间:2006-01-13 15:06:46   编辑 9楼
已经打分了。


回复人:huhucarol, (DOTA的合成,请大家多多指教,谢谢) 时间:2006-01-13 15:07:54   编辑 10楼
谢谢大家对我的支持!!感谢!


回复人:tgren1999, (选择了化学,希望能携手做得更好) 时间:2006-01-13 22:55:49   编辑 11楼
我不知你处理后的具体要求,以前我自己做威斯曼尔反应用得很多的DMF,做威斯曼尔反应主要要求无水,我就在常压下蒸馏,没有特别的处理,不知你的要求,也不知你是否经常使用,所以不知能否对你有用


得分人:flychem-1,Ftian-1,tangyyer-1,nafrbww-1,


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