定制各类格氏试剂

问题:关于羧甲基壳聚糖羧化度、脱乙酰度及其分子量的测定,必给高分。
类型:求助 (悬赏分:3分)
提问:whc
等级:▲▲
版块:高分子科学(kevlar,wmx,lby010,)
信誉:73%
回复:16
阅读:2927
时间:2006-05-05 19:40:41  编辑    加入/取消收藏    订制/取消短消息    举报该贴    

文献报道羧甲基壳聚糖的制备大多数都是用壳聚糖为原料制备O,N-羧甲基壳聚糖,若想制备O-羧甲基壳聚糖须用甲壳素做原料,但之后须再经过麻烦的脱乙酰处理。本人经过一番尝试后发现单是制备溶解度好的O,N-羧甲基壳聚糖已经很不容易,更不要说制备O-羧甲基壳聚糖了。因为想用O-羧甲基壳聚糖为底物在氨基上进行小分子接支反应,自己制备费时费力且不能保证有足够的数量和质量。所以选择了买现成的O-羧甲基壳聚糖。买来后发现需要先给原料测定羧化度、脱乙酰度及其分子量,以便能准确计算后续小分子的接支率(取代度),但不知用何种方法测定更简单准确,自己实验了加入过量盐酸用电位滴定法,但发现其费时费力且滴定突越不是很明显,尤其是滴定过量的盐酸,且发现从PH=3点多就出现了浑浊,直到PH=8点多才完全澄清。有文献报道用胶体滴定法简单,省时;但须用到聚乙烯醇硫酸钾(PVSK),;聚二丙烯二甲基氯化铵(PDMDAAC),甲苯胺蓝(TB),溴代十六烷基吡啶等试剂,但不知这些试剂好不好购买,价格如何,该方法的准确度和可行性到底如何,请用过此方法测定羧甲基壳聚糖取代度的高手不吝赐教。
另外,本人用0.1N的氯化钠做溶剂,用乌氏黏度计法测定原料O-羧甲基壳聚糖的分子量,测定的特性黏度n值居然有260,按羧甲基壳聚糖分子量公式计算出的分子量居然达300万之多,但是检查方法和计算公式都没有错,请问用过O-羧甲基壳聚糖的朋友分析这可能吗,我想制备分子量1-10万的O-羧甲基壳聚糖,采用何种方法和条件能实现。
回复人:celan,▲▲▲▲ (化学品成分和结构剖析服务:www.chemnmr.com) 时间:2006-05-06 08:19:48   编辑 1楼
壳聚糖chitosan:
Determination of molecular-weight distribution of chitosan by high-performance liquid chromatography.

J Chromatogr. 1976 Nov 17;128(1):87-99.
Optimal conditions for using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the size exclusion mode have been determined for measuring the molecular-weight (MW) distribution of chitosan samples. Physical separation according to molecular size was accomplished on the stationary phase of glass supports having controlled pore sizes ranging from 2500 to 40 A. Selection of column combinations was based on the requirements to resolve the higher MW fraction of chitosan and to give a linear calibration curve within the required MW range. The best combination of glass pore sizes and column lengths in two foot sections joined sequentially was: 2500 A (2 ft.), 1500 A (4 ft.), 550 A (6 ft.), 250 A (2 ft), 100 A (2 ft.), and 40 A (2 ft.). A loading study showed that an injection load of 500 mug, i.e. 100 mul at 5 g/l or 50 mul at 10 g/l (w/v), was the optimal load to give reproducible elution volumes, precision in quantitation, and minimum viscosity effects. The best calibration curve using defined dextran standards was obtained from the geometric mean of Mw (weight average MW) and Mn (number average MW) values and peak elution volumes. Precision in determining MW distribution of chitosan as well as dextran standards was better than 5% relative standard deviation, and the differences between these results and the manufacturer's data on the dextran standards were 6 to -17%. The MW distribution of a selected chitosan samples in 2% acetic acid thus determined was Mw = 2,055,000, Mn = 936,000, dispersity = 2.16, and the most abundant species was around 1,103,000. Analysis time for the HPLC separation was less than 20 min per sample. Chitosan is an effective coagulating agent for the treatment of food processing wastes and activated sludge from biological treatment systems. It is manufactured from chitin in shrimp and crab wastes. The rapid methods developed here for determining the MW distribution of chitosan preparations will be used to optimize the manufacturing process and guide the selection of more effective chitosan products.

[该帖子已被celan在2006-5-6 8:21:02编辑过]


回复人:celan,▲▲▲▲ (化学品成分和结构剖析服务:www.chemnmr.com) 时间:2006-05-06 08:22:24   编辑 2楼
Molecular weight determination of chitin and. chitosan
http://www.vupp.cz/czvupp/publik/04poster/04Chitosan2003.pdf


回复人:whc,▲▲ (初入有机合成,经验不多,望高手门多指教) 时间:2006-05-07 16:58:55   编辑 3楼
谢谢楼上的答复,这种方法我们这里恐怕没有条件。不过过两天我会给你加分的。我问的其他问题呢?有高手能回答吗/


回复人:ysj2006,▲▲ (高分子材料) 时间:2006-05-10 23:05:52   编辑 4楼
我也在做这方面的实验,电位滴定怎么能不可以呢,应该可以的呀,还有分子量,一定算错了,不可那么大吧,你先把壳聚糖的分子量降解,后和氯乙酸反应,这个很好反应的,先控制羧酸的接枝量,这样还有大部分氨基没有反应,可以进行下一步接枝,,很容易的反应,,


回复人:cgspider, () 时间:2006-05-11 10:36:40   编辑 5楼
看看这种方法吧:
Preparation of N,O-Carboxymethylated Chitosan
(N,O-CM-Chitosan)
Chitosan (Mn 5 2.74 3 105, 20 g) is suspended
in isopropanol (200 mL) under agitating, and sodium
hydroxide (50.4 mL, 10M) is added in six
equal portions over a period of 20 min. The alkaline
slurry is stirred for an additional 45 min, and
the solid monochloroacetic acid (24 g) is added in
five equal portions at 5-min intervals. The reaction
mixture is heated at 60°C for 3 h. Then, cold
distilled water (17 mL) is incorporated into the
mixture and its pH is adjusted to 7.0 with glacial
acetic acid. The reaction mixture was filtered and
the solid product was washed with a 70% methanol/
water mixture (300 mL) and then with anhydrous
methanol. The resultant N,O-CM-chitosan
is dried in an oven at 60°C under a vacuum.20 The
degree of carboxymethylation (DCA) is determined
by pH titration.21
Preparation of O-Carboxymethylated Chitosan
(O-CM-Chitosan)
Chitosan Mn 5 2.74 3 105, 10 g) suspended in a
100 mL NaOH solution (42%) is reacted with sodium
monochloroacetate obtained by adding
monochloroacetic acid (11.7 g) at 0–30°C for 5–24
h. The pH is adjusted to 7 with HCl and the solution is dialyzed for 3 days against deionized
water. The DCA is determined by pH titration.



回复人:whc,▲▲ (初入有机合成,经验不多,望高手门多指教) 时间:2006-05-11 16:15:52   编辑 6楼
4楼的朋友,电位滴定可以,但过量的盐酸滴定突越不明显,第二突越在 4.3-4。4左右,与文献报道4.2有偏差,,第三突越8。6左右与文献相近。但就是时间太长,且浑浊出现到完全澄清PH间隔长达5个PH之多,这是为什么?
我的O-羧甲基壳聚糖是买来的,不是自己制备的,用乌氏黏度计法按羧甲基壳聚糖的分子量公式计算分子量的确有300万之多,用过氧化氢降解后测定分子量降到了10万以下,我想原料分子量高可能因为厂家的O-羧甲基壳聚糖是由分子量更大的甲克素制备而来的。
我曾经用自己制备过羧甲基壳聚糖,但是壳聚糖经浓碱碱化后加入异丙醇,搅拌下滴加氯乙酸发现壳聚糖粘在一起根本就搅不动以致反应无法保证均匀进行最后得到的产物水溶性很差。因为是小试,我投入的只有0.5-1克壳聚糖,是不是因为投料量太小;有文献报道碱化后的壳聚糖需经过匀桨后才能均匀分散在异丙醇中,我一直没有解决反应均匀进行的问题。加上后期工作较多,怕自己制备耽误时间,所以就选择了买现成的羧甲基壳聚糖,能否将你制备时碱化、溶涨及反应的要点指教一二。
在次也谢谢5楼的热心帮助,我会一试的。我想问二位的是制备过程适应该先在异丙醇溶涨再加碱碱化呢,还是先加碱碱化再加异丙醇溶涨,还有氯乙酸是否很毒容易吸入,反应最关键的地方是什么?



回复人:ysj2006,▲▲ (高分子材料) 时间:2006-05-14 12:38:09   编辑 7楼
"4.3-4。4左右,与文献报道4.2有偏差"你认为文献报导的就对么,不要过分相信文献,我决定国内的文献好多都是假的,要相信自己,过量盐酸只能滴定氨基的含量,
关于300万分子量也可能存在,但你再好好看看你的黏度计的毛细管直径是否过小,导致测量不准
在制备羧基壳聚糖时,应该先用异丙醇溶涨,才能更好的碱化,溶涨时间和碱化时间都要充分,后再滴加氯乙酸的异丙醇溶液,控制温度,反应不难


回复人:whc,▲▲ (初入有机合成,经验不多,望高手门多指教) 时间:2006-05-16 13:16:48   编辑 8楼
接受答案了。celan-2分,cgspider-2分,ysj2006-3分


回复人:东山西山, () 时间:2006-07-31 15:29:29   编辑 9楼
楼主可不可以告诉我从那里可以买到O-所甲基壳聚糖,我快急死了,拜托。


回复人:whc,▲▲ (初入有机合成,经验不多,望高手门多指教) 时间:2006-08-21 17:03:04   编辑 10楼
O-所甲基壳聚糖从上海升耀生物制品有限公司购买


回复人:东山西山, () 时间:2006-08-22 14:15:17   编辑 11楼
谢谢,我也已经向升耀买了一些样品,但他们说是N羧甲基壳聚糖


回复人:东山西山, () 时间:2006-08-22 14:37:04   编辑 12楼
作为药物缓释载体,二者有什么区别?


回复人:新手, () 时间:2006-08-30 11:24:33   编辑 13楼
试试电导法测定.<分析化学>有用此法测定壳聚糖的脱乙酰度的.


回复人:whc,▲▲ (初入有机合成,经验不多,望高手门多指教) 时间:2006-09-17 09:29:54   编辑 14楼

接受答案了。celan-2分,cgspider-2分,ysj2006-3分





回复人:whc,▲▲ (初入有机合成,经验不多,望高手门多指教) 时间:2006-09-19 14:22:08   编辑 15楼
已经打分了。


回复人:alonestar, () 时间:2006-11-07 17:04:29   编辑 16楼
请问有关于这方面的书籍吗???还有电位滴定法那个突跃点是怎么求的?文献上说用什么二阶微商法,不会求解!!


得分人:celan-2,ysj2006-3,cgspider-2,


问题讨论没有结束...
您尚未进入本论坛,登录之后才可以回贴
用户名:密码:    游客  新用户免费注册
7msec



版权所有 中国化学化工论坛 
可转载本站文章 但请务必注明出处 本站法律顾问 方利律师  
www.ccebbs.com E-Mail:ccebbs00@126.com
Chinese Chemistry and Chemical Engineering BBS