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问题:要用叠氮化钠了,怕怕,应该注意什么?
类型:求助 (悬赏分:3分)
提问:visualff
等级:
版块:有机化学问题(jimuwei,fpcwin1211,netpanda,yjgzfl,Ftian,)
信誉:62%
回复:42
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时间:2005-04-16 10:23:15  编辑    加入/取消收藏    订制/取消短消息    举报该贴    

马上要第一次用了,请各位大侠讲讲注意事项啊。
回复人:西北大侠, (从事30余年的危爆产品生产与科研,经验丰富.) 时间:2006-10-26 11:43:05   编辑 1楼
使用叠氮钠所发生的爆炸和着火以及中毒简直太多了 本人原与诸位后生解忧


回复人:okko,▲▲ (来于天,去之地) 时间:2006-10-26 16:28:45   编辑 2楼
叠氮化物使用时是要注意啊,小心为妙


回复人:gxsdhhm, (中国化学之家 http://chemhome.uu1001.com/index.php) 时间:2006-10-26 17:44:42   编辑 3楼

谢谢提供


回复人:hcj,▲▲▲ () 时间:2006-10-26 22:59:55   编辑 4楼
还是小心为好啊



回复人:冰天雪地YHC, (从事化工研究) 时间:2006-10-26 23:45:53   编辑 5楼

叠氮化钠遇酸反应生成叠氮酸,后者摩擦感度很高,气体叠氮酸从瓶口溢出的摩擦就可以爆炸,



回复人:xiaoyancx, (微笑面对每一天!) 时间:2007-11-05 14:10:01   编辑 6楼



回复人:自亿, (加油!) 时间:2005-04-16 11:53:26   编辑 7楼
注意热,不要撞击!温度不要高,小心谨慎


回复人:visualff, () 时间:2005-04-16 12:44:48   编辑 8楼
我想知道如果我使用10-100g,万一爆炸,威力到底有多大啊?



回复人:zhanghx88, () 时间:2005-04-16 13:13:13   编辑 9楼
Sodium azide is insensitive but highly toxic. Contact must be avoided with acid, from which the dangerous hydrazoic acid forms, and copper, lead, cadmium, silver, mercury, or their alloys, from which sensitive azides may be formed. Nucleating agents, such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), or dextrin, may be added during precipitation to produce free-flowing crystals or rounded agglomerates required for the large-scale, automatic loading of detonators. The presence of hydrophilic polymeric substances also tends to eliminate the small possibility of spontaneous explosions occurring during the precipitation process. Wetting agents may also be added.
All phases of the manufacturing process are conducted by remote control in stainless steel vessels using either distilled or demineralized water and filtered solutions. The overall precipitation time is about 60 minutes. In the manufacture of dextrinated lead azide, lead nitrate stock solution is prepared by dissolving lead nitrate, dextrin, and sodium hydroxide in water at pH 4.6-4.8. The solution is cooled, filtered, pumped to a storage tank, and allowed to settle for eight hours or longer. A sodium azide stock solution is similarly prepared. The precipitation vessel is a precisely made, open-topped, round-bottom, double-walled, polished stainless steel tilting pot equipped with an agitator, feed tubes, and a water spray ring. The lead nitrate solution at 60癈 is transferred to the precipitation vessel from a measuring tank, and the sodium azide solution is added at a rate of about 2 L/min while maintaining the 60癈 temperature. Lead azide precipitates as free-flowing, fine white agglomerates. After settling, the mother liquor is decanted through a filter, collected, and neutralized using 30% sodium nitrate and then 30% nitric acid, or using ceric ammonium nitrate to decompose the azide ion. Excess acid is neutralized using soda ash. Any soluble lead is precipitated as the insoluble carbonate. The lead azide precipitate is washed repeatedly with water, vacuum filtered, and dried. Lead azide made without dextrin (RD 1333) usually contains more than 99% azide. When made with dextrin it contains about 92% lead azide, 4-5% lead hydroxide, 3% dextrin, and other impurities. Lead azide must be free of needle-shaped crystals longer than 0.1 mm. Dextrinated lead azide is less sensitive but is somewhat more hygroscopic, less dense, and less efficient as an initiator than the 99% product.
A low incidence of explosions has been reported when precipitation is effected without a nucleating agent and during the screening process. Precautions must be taken during detonator loading to prevent dusting and to maintain a scrupulously clean operation.


回复人:Platinum, (住在实事求是,学在勤朴忠诚) 时间:2005-04-16 13:29:22   编辑 10楼
化学特性】
无色六角形结晶. 当迅速加热到300℃时, 能引起强烈爆炸. 有剧毒, 大鼠 经口全致死量46毫克/千克, 小鼠经口半数致死量37.4毫克/千克. 能溶于水及液氨, 微溶于乙醇, 不溶于乙醚. 相对密度: 1.846 熔点: 分解
【火灾危险】
遇明火、高温、震动、撞击、摩擦, 有引起燃烧爆炸危险.
【处置方法】
雾状水、泡沫; 禁止用砂土压盖.



回复人:visualff, () 时间:2005-04-16 14:22:44   编辑 11楼
多谢楼上几位,想问一下
43.26 g (115 mmol) of 3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-[(2-chlorop-henyl)-azo]-benzene-propanoic acid methyl ester is stirred for 30 minutes at 150 °C and then for 13 hours at from 160 to 170 °C with 36.0 g (120 mmol) of polyethylene glycol 300, 9.75 g (150 mmol) of sodium azide, 0.5 mL of triethylamine and 85.6 mg (1.15 mmol) of CuBr, during which methanol is continuously distilled off.
这样的反应条件危险吗?溶于溶液后爆炸性会改变吗?谢谢!



回复人:chemist,▲▲▲ (在高潮时享受成就;在低潮时享受人生) 时间:2005-04-16 15:51:03   编辑 12楼
以前做过叠氮化碘,有几十克干燥的撒地上了,踩上去,挺响的,还有紫色的烟尘,很吓人,safety first!


回复人:chemist,▲▲▲ (在高潮时享受成就;在低潮时享受人生) 时间:2005-04-16 17:09:54   编辑 13楼
!!!!!!!说错了,是几十毫克,几十克可以把脚炸飞了!!!!!!!


回复人:Ilfruits,▲▲ () 时间:2005-04-16 20:37:18   编辑 14楼
我用叠氮化钠做过反应,但没有达到你那么高的温度.
因反应中有溶剂,而且是碱性条件,应该不会有危险,建议叠氮化钠分几小分投入.



回复人:方无忧,★★ (有机化学是我的职业。金属有机化学是我的方向。成为一个科学家是我的理想。) 时间:2005-04-17 01:49:24   编辑 15楼
叠氮化钠比较稳定

150度下使用是比较安全的

在溶液中就更加稳定

所以不用担心。

叠氮化银是容易爆炸的,叠氮化碘也是。但是那些M+都是强极化离子,Na+是非常弱的极化离子,所以不用太担心。




回复人:visualff, () 时间:2005-04-18 22:55:14   编辑 16楼
多谢几位大侠。我在MSDS里看到叠氮化钠不能接触重金属及重金属盐,包括铜,否则产生高爆炸性。但是这个反应里是有溴化亚铜的,这点我还搞不清楚,还望再次指教。


回复人:redfoxlxc, (菜青虫) 时间:2005-04-19 09:25:57   编辑 17楼
请问下方无忧老师,你刚说的强极化离子和弱极化离子是指的什么?强极化离子型的为什么容易爆炸一些?


回复人:xiaochuan, (专心搞有机精细品的合成研究) 时间:2005-04-19 09:59:29   编辑 18楼
我原来在一个军工厂工作,天天和叠氮化钠打交道,从来没有出过问题的.叠氮化钠本身是很稳定的,除非你把他和铅,铜银等金属盐混在一起,那就可要出问题了.另外在用硝酸银法分析叠氮化钠后的溶液的处理一定要小心.这是我和叠氮化钠打了10年交道的经验.供参考.


回复人:方无忧,★★ (有机化学是我的职业。金属有机化学是我的方向。成为一个科学家是我的理想。) 时间:2005-04-19 13:32:14   编辑 19楼
强极化离子和弱极化离子是指离子对于反电荷离子的变形能力。

简单地说,金属性越强的金属形成的离子,同种金属中价态越低的金属离子,极化能力越差。

Na和Ag在金属性里,相差非常远,所以NaN3和AgN3的性质也相差很大。




回复人:redfoxlxc, (菜青虫) 时间:2005-04-19 15:32:14   编辑 20楼
多谢方无忧老师,还想知道的是极化作用具体的讲来对键能以及化合物性质产生哪些影响呢?(我知道的对溶解度有影响).譬如说这个问题里为什么叠氮化银比叠氮化钠容易爆炸?


回复人:hailang, (未来的化工专家。^_^。) 时间:2005-04-19 22:15:27   编辑 21楼
还需要注意的一个问题:在酸性条件下产生的叠氮酸很危险、敏感。


回复人:舞旭, () 时间:2005-04-20 13:15:43   编辑 22楼
没那么危险的,我用过,只要在通风橱内操作就可以了。不要剧烈碰撞就可以了。


回复人:北方1025, () 时间:2005-04-20 14:06:20   编辑 23楼
我也用过这个东西觉得没有那么可怕,我第一次用的时候用小勺取很少一点,进行摩擦或用打火机点燃发现是很有爆炸性的,但没有想象的那样可怕。在使用的时候也很容易控制,加料的时候分多批加料,如果需要加热要缓慢的加热,特别注意,控制避免产生叠氮酸或防护叠氮酸。叠氮酸的毒性比氢腈酸还毒


回复人:wangyuncha, (化工人员) 时间:2005-04-22 18:41:16   编辑 24楼
以前车间用NaN3反应后调酸抽真空时发生爆炸,整个车间烧没了. 
HN3与Fe反应会发生爆炸.不过你反应中加三乙胺和溴化铜是否起控制和诱发反应的作用,量少,保持稳定的反应条件,应没事.


回复人:soer8848, (抵制日货, 从我做起) 时间:2005-06-21 18:05:14   编辑 25楼
A mixture of 25 g. (0.108 mol) of 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride in 65 ml. of glacial acetic acid was stirred vigorously and 7.5 g. (0.108 mol) of sodium azide was added. After stirring for one hour at room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into 300 ml. of cold water and chilled in an ice bath. The crude azide was filtered and air dried overnight.

The 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl azide thus obtained (5 g., 0.021 mol) was heated gently in 20 ml. of concentrated sulfuric acid until nitrogen evolution was complete. The resulting solution was poured over 200 ml. of ice/water and then made basic to pH 10 with concentrated aqueous ammonia solution. The solid was filtered to give 3,5-dinitroaniline
请问这样的反应危险吗? 要注意什么?


回复人:soer8848, (抵制日货, 从我做起) 时间:2005-06-22 16:29:34   编辑 26楼
,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid (7, Aldrich) (106.1 grams, 0.50 mole) was dissolved in 400 milliliters of 23 to 24% oleum. Dichloroethane (480 milliliters) was added to this solution. Sodium azide (37 grams, 0.57 mole) was added in portions with stirring while maintaining the temperature below 25.degree. C. The mixture was heated under reflux for 4 hours and allowed to cool to room temperature. The dichloroethane was removed by decantation, and the remaining mixture was poured over 9 liters of ice mixed with water. The yellow solid which separated was filtered, washed with water, and air dried to afford 80.5 grams (87.9%) of 8 with a melting point of 158.degree. to 162.degree. C.
还有这个反应,危险吗? 这样会产生叠氮酸吧,那能工业化吗?


回复人:苏打饼干, (合成多年,仍然有很多问题,大家一起讨论!) 时间:2011-05-09 12:12:05   编辑 27楼
请问一下,甲磺酰基化合物与叠氮化钠反应中会不会有叠氮酸生成?


回复人:xiaoyancx, (微笑面对每一天!) 时间:2007-11-05 14:27:31   编辑 28楼
我也使用了,最多一次投入将近300g(多个实验同时进行),感觉没事


回复人:mwh1208, (研究有机合成的初学者!!各位师哥多多关照!!) 时间:2008-05-27 15:58:14   编辑 29楼
不知叠氮化钠与邻氯苯胺反应,生产邻叠氮基苯胺,胺基要不要先保护起来?反应在常温下,用DMSO做溶剂,将叠氮化钠溶于水中,再滴加到邻氯苯胺的DMSO溶液中,反应可否进行??要注意啥(有毒物参加,小弟有点担心)?小弟拜求各位老师!!谢谢!!


回复人:upstart, (药物设计及合成,感兴趣精细化工) 时间:2008-05-31 19:31:29   编辑 30楼
工业化放大生产时,最好避免使用叠氮化钠,尤其不可接触重金属盐和强酸。但在实验室反应时,比较安全


得分人:yfli78 :3,


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