问题：历年诺贝尔化学奖
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时间：2005-04-25 14:11:00 编辑加入/取消收藏订制/取消短消息举报该贴

Year Article Country* Achievement
1901 Hoff, Jacobus Henricus van't The Netherlands laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure
1902 Fischer, Emil Germany work on sugar and purine syntheses
1903 Arrhenius, Svante Sweden theory of electrolytic dissociation
1904 Ramsay, Sir William U.K. discovery of inert gas elements and their places in the periodic system
1905 Baeyer, Adolf von Germany work on organic dyes, hydroaromatic compounds
1906 Moissan, Henri France isolation of fluorine; introduction of Moissan furnace
1907 Buchner, Eduard Germany discovery of noncellular fermentation
1908 Rutherford, Ernest U.K. investigations into the disintegration of elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances
1909 Ostwald, Wilhelm Germany pioneer work on catalysis, chemical equilibrium, and reaction velocities
1910 Wallach, Otto Germany pioneer work in alicyclic combinations
1911 Curie, Marie France discovery of radium and polonium; isolation of radium
1912 Grignard, Victor France discovery of the Grignard reagents
Sabatier, Paul France method of hydrogenating organic compounds
1913 Werner, Alfred Switzerland work on the linkage of atoms in molecules
1914 Richards, Theodore William U.S. accurate determination of the atomic weights of numerous elements
1915 Willst鋞ter, Richard Germany pioneer researches in plant pigments, especially chlorophyll
1918 Haber, Fritz Germany synthesis of ammonia
1920 Nernst, Walther Hermann Germany work in thermochemistry
1921 Soddy, Frederick U.K. chemistry of radioactive substances; occurrence and nature of isotopes
1922 Aston, Francis William U.K. work with mass spectrograph; whole-number rule
1923 Pregl, Fritz Austria method of microanalysis of organic substances
1925 Zsigmondy, Richard Austria elucidation of the heterogeneous nature of colloidal solutions
1926 Svedberg, Theodor H.E. Sweden work on disperse systems
1927 Wieland, Heinrich Otto Germany researches into the constitution of bile acids
1928 Windaus, Adolf Germany constitution of sterols and their connection with vitamins
1929 Euler-Chelpin, Hans von Sweden investigations in the fermentation of sugars and the enzyme action involved
Harden, Sir Arthur U.K. investigations in the fermentation of sugars and the enzyme action involved
1930 Fischer, Hans Germany hemin, chlorophyll research; synthesis of hemin
1931 Bergius, Friedrich Germany invention and development of chemical high-pressure methods
Bosch, Carl Germany invention and development of chemical high-pressure methods
1932 Langmuir, Irving U.S. discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry
1934 Urey, Harold C. U.S. discovery of heavy hydrogen
1935 Joliot-Curie, Fr閐閞ic and Ir鑞e France synthesis of new radioactive elements
1936 Debye, Peter The Netherlands work on dipole moments and diffraction of X rays and electrons in gases
1937 Haworth, Sir Norman U.K. research on carbohydrates and vitamin C
Karrer, Paul Switzerland research on carotenoids, flavins, and vitamins
1938 Kuhn, Richard (declined) Germany carotenoid and vitamin research
1939 Butenandt, Adolf (declined) Germany work on sexual hormones
Ruzicka, Leopold Switzerland work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes
1943 Hevesy, Georg Charles von Hungary use of isotopes as tracers in chemical research
1944 Hahn, Otto Germany discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei
1945 Virtanen, Artturi Ilmari Finland invention of fodder preservation method
1946 Northrop, John Howard U.S. preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in pure form
Stanley, Wendell Meredith U.S. preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in pure form
Sumner, James Batcheller U.S. discovery of enzyme crystallization
1947 Robinson, Sir Robert U.K. investigation of alkaloids and other plant products
1948 Tiselius, Arne Sweden researches in electrophoresis and adsorption analysis; serum proteins
1949 Giauque, William Francis U.S. behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures
1950 Alder, Kurt West Germany discovery and development of diene synthesis
Diels, Otto Paul Hermann West Germany discovery and development of diene synthesis
1951 McMillan, Edwin Mattison U.S. discovery of and research on transuranium elements
Seaborg, Glenn T. U.S. discovery of and research on transuranium elements
1952 Martin, A.J.P. U.K. development of partition chromatography
Synge, R.L.M. U.K. development of partition chromatography
1953 Staudinger, Hermann West Germany work on macromolecules
1954 Pauling, Linus U.S. study of the nature of the chemical bond
1955 du Vigneaud, Vincent U.S. first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone
1956 Hinshelwood, Sir Cyril Norman U.K. work on the kinetics of chemical reactions
Semyonov, Nikolay Nikolayevich U.S.S.R. work on the kinetics of chemical reactions
1957 Todd (of Trumpington), Alexander Robertus Todd, Baron U.K. work on nucleotides and nucleotide coenzymes
1958 Sanger, Frederick U.K. determination of the structure of the insulin molecule
1959 Heyrovsk? Jaroslav Czech. discovery and development of polarography
1960 Libby, Willard Frank U.S. development of radiocarbon dating
1961 Calvin, Melvin U.S. study of chemical steps that take place during photosynthesis
1962 Kendrew, Sir John Cowdery U.K. determination of the structure of hemoproteins
Perutz, Max Ferdinand U.K. determination of the structure of hemoproteins
1963 Natta, Giulio Italy structure and synthesis of polymers in the field of plastics
Ziegler, Karl West Germany structure and synthesis of polymers in the field of plastics
1964 Hodgkin, Dorothy Mary Crowfoot U.K. determining the structure of biochemical compounds essential in combating pernicious anemia
1965 Woodward, R.B. U.S. synthesis of sterols, chlorophyll, and other substances
1966 Mulliken, Robert Sanderson U.S. work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules
1967 Eigen, Manfred West Germany studies of extremely fast chemical reactions
Norrish, Ronald George Wreyford U.K. studies of extremely fast chemical reactions
Porter, Sir George U.K. studies of extremely fast chemical reactions
1968 Onsager, Lars U.S. work on theory of thermodynamics of irreversible processes
1969 Barton, Sir Derek H.R. U.K. work in determining actual three-dimensional shape of molecules
Hassel, Odd Norway work in determining actual three-dimensional shape of molecules
1970 Leloir, Luis Federico Argentina discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates
1971 Herzberg, Gerhard Canada research in the structure of molecules
1972 Anfinsen, Christian B. U.S. fundamental contributions to enzyme chemistry
Moore, Stanford U.S. fundamental contributions to enzyme chemistry
Stein, William H. U.S. fundamental contributions to enzyme chemistry
1973 Fischer, Ernst Otto West Germany organometallic chemistry
Wilkinson, Sir Geoffrey U.K. organometallic chemistry
1974 Flory, Paul J. U.S. studies of long-chain molecules
1975 Cornforth, Sir John Warcup U.K. work in stereochemistry
Prelog, Vladimir Switzerland work in stereochemistry
1976 Lipscomb, William Nunn, Jr. U.S. structure of boranes
1977 Prigogine, Ilya Belgium widening the scope of thermodynamics
1978 Mitchell, Peter Dennis U.K. formulation of a theory of energy transfer processes in biological systems
1979 Brown, Herbert Charles U.S. introduction of compounds of boron and phosphorus in the synthesis of organic substances
Wittig, Georg West Germany introduction of compounds of boron and phosphorus in the synthesis of organic substances
1980 Berg, Paul U.S. first preparation of a hybrid DNA
Gilbert, Walter U.S. development of chemical and biological analyses of DNA structure
Sanger, Frederick U.K. development of chemical and biological analyses of DNA structure
1981 Fukui Kenichi Japan orbital symmetry interpretation of chemical reactions
Hoffmann, Roald U.S. orbital symmetry interpretation of chemical reactions
1982 Klug, Aaron U.K. determination of structure of biological substances
1983 Taube, Henry U.S. study of electron transfer reactions
1984 Merrifield, Bruce U.S. development of a method of polypeptide synthesis
1985 Hauptman, Herbert A. U.S. development of a way to map the chemical structures of small molecules
Karle, Jerome U.S. development of a way to map the chemical structure of small molecules
1986 Herschbach, Dudley R. U.S. development of methods for analyzing basic chemical reactions
Lee, Yuan T. U.S. development of methods for analyzing basic chemical reactions
Polanyi, John C. Canada development of methods for analyzing basic chemical reactions
1987 Cram, Donald J. U.S. development of molecules that can link with other molecules
Lehn, Jean-Marie France development of molecules that can link with other molecules
Pedersen, Charles J. U.S. development of molecules that can link with other molecules
1988 Deisenhofer, Johann West Germany discovery of structure of proteins needed in photosynthesis
Huber, Robert West Germany discovery of structure of proteins needed in photosynthesis
Michel, Hartmut West Germany discovery of structure of proteins needed in photosynthesis
1989 Altman, Sidney U.S. discovery of certain basic properties of RNA
Cech, Thomas Robert U.S. discovery of certain basic properties of RNA
1990 Corey, Elias James U.S. development of retrosynthetic analysis for synthesis of complex molecules
1991 Ernst, Richard R. Switzerland improvements in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
1992 Marcus, Rudolph A. U.S. explanation of how electrons transfer between molecules
1993 Mullis, Kary B. U.S. inventors of techniques for gene study and manipulation
Smith, Michael Canada inventors of techniques for gene study and manipulation
1994 Olah, George A. U.S. development of techniques to study hydrocarbon molecules
1995 Crutzen, Paul The Netherlands explanation of processes that deplete Earth's ozone layer
Molina, Mario U.S. explanation of processes that deplete Earth's ozone layer
Rowland, F. Sherwood U.S. explanation of processes that deplete Earth's ozone layer
1996 Curl, Robert F., Jr. U.S. discovery of new carbon compounds called fullerenes
Kroto, Sir Harold W. U.K. discovery of new carbon compounds called fullerenes
Smalley, Richard E. U.S. discovery of new carbon compounds called fullerenes
1997 Boyer, Paul D. U.S. explanation of the enzymatic conversion of adenosine triphosphate
Skou, Jens C. Denmark discovery of sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase
Walker, John E. U.K. explanation of the enzymatic conversion of adenosine triphosphate

回复人：就想歇会儿,▲ () 时间：2005-04-25 15:20:43 编辑	1楼
97年以后的呢，现在的科学分类越来越繁杂，一个化学奖已经由几个人来分担了

回复人：xiupeiyang,▲▲▲▲ (一个化学爱好者，希望通过交流来提高自己!!!) 时间：2005-04-25 19:00:16 编辑	2楼
比较全啊

回复人：zhixiangch,▲▲▲▲ (希望来这里和大家交朋友，相互交流和学习知识。) 时间：2005-04-25 20:38:10 编辑	3楼
多谢，开拓了不少视野。

回复人：admin,★ (论坛管理员-欢迎大家访问化学化工论坛) 时间：2005-04-25 21:52:36 编辑	4楼
这里也有 http://www.ccebbs.com/doc/show.asp?id=53

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